After the expulsion of Gorgus's son Periander its government developed into a strong democracy. Soon afterwards he was sent to Athens with an army to aid the oligarchs, but Pausanias, one of the kings, followed him and brought about a restoration of democracy. A change of constitution, imposed perhaps by the Macedonians, was nullified about by a revolution through which democracy was restored.
He had enunciated in his theses the far-reaching new principle that the congregation, and not the hierarchy, was the representative of the Church; and he sought henceforward to reorganize the Swiss constitution on the principles of representative democracy so as to reduce the wholly disproportionate voting power which, till then, the Forest Cantons had exercised. In contrast to both of these, which in different ways express the principle of clerical or official authority, Congregationalism represents the principle of democracy in religion.
But while in practice it is religious democracy , in theory it claims to be the most immediate form of theocracy, God Himself being regarded as ruling His people directly through Christ as Head of the Church, whether Catholic or local.
As Mr Roosevelt often pointed out, no nation will live long in which the authority of government - especially in a democracy - is supplanted by the private interest of a real money power. He strengthened the interstate commission for the regulation of railroads, inaugurated successful suits against monopolies - notably the Standard Oil Company and the so-called Sugar Trust, - and achieved distinct practical results in favour of a system of "industrial democracy " where all men shall have equal rights under the law and where there shall be no privileged interests exempt from the operation of the law.
Under this prince the course of politics in Saxony presented little of general interest, except perhaps the spread of the doctrines of Social Democracy , which was especially remarkable in Saxony. This was, however, far from satisfying the parties of the extreme Left, and the strength of Social Democracy in Saxony was even more strikingly displayed in when, in spite of plural voting, under a complicated franchise, 25 Socialist members were returned to the Saxon diet.
In spite of this, the calculation was defeated; for in Europe every true democracy at once becomes national, and hence the national problem infected the working-classes so soon as they won parliamentary power; the " International " split up into national groups, just as the bourgeoisie had done before it.
Benes in , " is a policy of peace: in domestic affairs our programme is the logical sequel to our foreign policy, namely, social and racial order and justice, and unremitting effort on behalf of social and political democracy. The idea underlying these councils was to create, as it were, a certain constitution for factories by which the workman who had hitherto been a mere machine should become a creative factor, closely identified with the organization of the undertaking, conscious of responsibility, and thus making of democracy the same reality in economic life as it had already become in political life.
His views on social subjects, and the responsibilities which great wealth involved, were already known in a book entitled Triumphant Democracy , published in , and in his Gospel of Wealth Similarly though he carried out many useful administrative reforms, in a vain effort to combat Social Democracy he seriously interfered with the liberty of public meeting and attempted the forcible suppression of strike movements.
Accordingly, his denunciation of President Andrew Jackson's bank policy added strength to the Jacksonian Democracy , and, later, his Whig connexions were the greatest source of the Whig party's weakness in New Hampshire. Sycophants were an inseparable accompaniment of the democracy , and the profession, at least from a political point of view, was not regarded as in any way dishonourable. Together with a few other men of birth and education, he began secretly to sow the sentiments of democracy among the peasants.
Averse at all events to the Athenian democracy , leaning towards Macedonian monarchy, and resting on Macedonian power, he maintained. Then follows the treatment of oligarchy, democracy , commonwealth and tyranny, and of the various powers of government 0 , and independent investigation of revolution, and of the means of preserving states E , and a further treatment of democracy and oligarchy, and of the different offices of the state Z , and finally a return to the discussion of the right form of constitution II, 0.
Democracy , aiming at the good of the majority: ii. Amongst his political writings may be mentioned a pamphlet On Democracy , On Forms of Government , and Political Tracts A rapprochement with France inevitably entailed not only an alliance with modern democracy , but also a recognition of its principles and aims.
In Rome there was no room for both pope and king. But the continuance of the Republic in Paris was a condition precedent to the establishment of a republic in Rome, and the first had no chance of existence if the democracy in France did not remain in power.
The more the hope of being able to regain these middle classes of society disappeared, the more decidedly did the Curia perceive that it must seek the support and the regeneration of its power in the steadily growing democracy , and endeavour through the medium of universal suffrage to secure the influence which this new alliance was able to offer.
Whilst not openly repelling the tendencies of the Jesuits, Leo yet showed himself well disposed towards, and even amenable to, views of a diametri- The Papacy cally opposite kind; and as soon as the Vatican and the threw itself into the arms of France, and bade fare Modern well to the idea of a national Italy, the policy of Democracy.
Down to , and even still later, " Democracy " was used to cover the whole mass of the people, pre-eminently represented by the broad strata of the bourgeoisie; in the Democratic party itself meant by this term the rule of the labouring class organized as a nation, which, by its numerical superiority, thrust aside all other classes, including the bourgeoisie, -and excluded them from participation in its rule.
In this latter case the term " Democracy ," as applied to the historical development of Great Britain and the United States, denotes a constitutional state in which every citizen has rights proportionate to his energy and intelligence. The process, maybe, from the point of view of those outside, was to make a mental wilderness and call it peace; but from the papal point of view it had a double advantage: it attracted those in search of religious certainty, it facilitated the maintenance of its hold over the Catholic democracy.
To the outward eye his gigantic strength and herculean build lent him the appearance of health and vigour, but forty years of unintermittent toil and anxiety had told upon him, and during the last two-and-twenty years of his reign, by which time all his old self-chosen counsellors had died off, he apathetically resigned himself to the course of events without making any sustained effort to stem the rising tide of Protestantism and democracy.
Prussia thus made a bid for the sympathy of the democracy at the same time as she declared war against the dynasties; and her power was revealed by the fact that her veto was sufficient to wreck a proposal seconded by the all but unanimous vote of the German sovereigns. In , however, the party in Prussi; reunited on a programme-which demanded the maintenance of the Christian character of the schools, cessation of the Kulturkampf, limitation of economic liberty, and repression of social democracy , and this was accepted also by the Conservatives in the Reichstag.
The growth of the Catholic democracy in Germany was a much more serious danger, and it proved to be easier to come to terms with the pope than with the parliamentary Opposition. This and other symptoms caused serious apprehension that some attempt might be made to alter the law of universal suffrage for the Reichstag, and it was policy of this kind which maintained and justified the profound distrust of the governing classes and the class hatred on which Social democracy depends.
The mass of the working-class population in the Protestant parts of Germany belonged to the Social Democracy , an inclusive term covering variations of opinion from the doctrinaire system of Marx to a degree of Radicalism which in England would not be considered a bar to a peerage.
This startling victory of the Social Democracy , though to a certain extent discounted by the dissensions between the two wings of the party which were revealed at the congress at Dresden in the same year, was in the highest degree disconcerting to the government; but in the actual manipulation of the Reichstag it facilitated the work of the chancellor by enabling him to unite the other groups more readily against the common enemy.
He opened negotiations with the Athenian leaders in Samos and urged them to upset the democracy and establish a philo-Persian oligarchy.
In later years he was allowed by Augustus to return to Tarsus in order to remodel the constitution of the city after the degenerate democracy which had misgoverned it under Boethus. During these years the relations between Denmark and the German empire improved, and in the country itself the cause of social democracy made great progress. This change of policy was doubtless the result of timidity rather than of a desire to secure re-election by gaining the favour of the Southern Democracy. The times were ripe for revolution, and the message which spoke of a religious democracy could not fail to suggest the social democracy also.
The democracy consistently supported the victorious Thebans against Sparta, figuring with a large contingent on the decisive field of Mantineia The schools of thought for which they stood have since contended for mastery in American politics: Hamilton's gradually strengthened by the necessities of stronger administration, as time gave widening amplitude and increasing weight to the specific powers - and so to Hamilton's great doctrine of the" implied powers "- of the general government of a growing country; Jefferson's rooted in colonial life, and buttressed by the hopes and convictions of democracy.
Besides editing several series of books, including "The Great Educators" and "The Teachers' Professional Library," he published The Meaning of Education , a collection of essays; and two series of addresses, True and False Democracy , and The American as he is There were a few rich men, but they were almost ashamed to differ from their neighbours and, in some known cases, they affected democracy in order to win popularity. He took the idea that the Bank of the United States was leading the money power against him, and that he was the champion of the masses of democracy and of the common people.
The system which was adopted allowed the older counties, which must be conciliated, a large majority of the representatives in the new Assembly, on the theory that the preponderance of property slavery in that section required this as security against the rising democracy.
But the people of these cessions, especially of Kentucky, were closely allied to the great up-country party of Virginia, and altogether they formed the basis of the Jeffersonian democracy , which from opposed the chief measures of the Washington administration, and which on the passage of the Alien and Sedition laws in precipitated the first great constitutional crisis in Federal politics by the adoption in the Kentucky and Virginia legislatures of the resolutions, known by the names of those states, strongly asserting the right and duty of the states to arrest the course of the national government whenever in their opinions that course had become unconstitutional.
In the later times of democracy the acropolis was reserved for the temples of the principal gods. The enterprise was hazardous, since democracy had hitherto brought nothing but ill to Rome. The absence of settled public law and the influence of direct democracy made a complete ministry of finance impossible. Having been joined by a few friends from Massachusetts, Williams founded a commonwealth in which absolute religious liberty was combined with civil democracy.
He did not desire revolution, but reform; and thus he became the leader of a moderate party, and the steady opponent not only of despotism but of democracy. Mardonius, alone, after his suppression of the Ionic revoltwhich had originated with these very tyrantsmade an attempt to govern them by the assistance of the democracy B.
In they had urged the complete destruction of Athens, in they secretly supported the restoration of its democracy in order to find in it a counterpoise against Sparta. They swayed backwards and forwards between the power of the people and the power of the few; but democracy and oligarchy passed sooner or later into the hands of a master who veiled his lordship under various titles, and generally at last into the hands of a family.
His residence in Louisiana, his ownership of a large plantation with its slaves, and his family connexion with Jefferson Davis who had married his daughter , rendered him more acceptable to many of the Southern Democrats than their party candidate, Lewis Cass, an advocate of " squatter sovereignty " and the representative of the democracy of the free North-west. But as the complex nature of society became more evident in the age of democracy , the economic or sociological history gained ground.
Since the abolition of the Test Acts and the emancipation of the Catholics no Englishman has suffered any civil disability owing to his religion'; and the progress of democracy has given to the great so-called " Free Churches " a political power that rivals that of the Established Church. The regal government was at a later time exchanged for an oligarchy or a democracy. Besides, he was, if not an entirely impartial writer, neither a devotee nor an opponent of democracy.
A few years after the restoration of the democracy it was again introduced. He did not wish to stake the interests of the Church on a cause which could only revive against her the old animosities of Spanish liberalism and democracy , so roughly displayed in the years and Nor would it be a strained inference from much that he said, to believe that he hoped and expected that in the " crisis " he foresaw, when democracy should have caused the ruin of the country, a new government might be formed that should approximate to his own ideals.
The fifth and sixth volumes of the Origins of Christianity the Christian Church and Marcus Aurelius show him reconciled with democracy , confident in the gradual ascent of man, aware that the greatest catastrophes do not really interrupt the sure if imperceptible progress of the world - reconciled also in some measure, if not with the truths, at least with the moral beauties of Catholicism, and with the remembrance of his pious youth.
In fact, as Roberto Unger has demonstrated, there is no elective affinity between capitalism and democracy. The network aims to deepen democracy through greater citizen participation in local governance. Democracy cookbook get the Democracy Cookbook from the Electoral commission. Western democracy will effectively cease to exist as the social infrastructure collapses under the weight of millions of unburied corpses.
It is the destruction of Western society and democracy , which they believe are fundamentally corrupt and weak. This was sheer effrontery of Macmillan when he was the one who was destroying democracy.
One cannot liberate a people - much less facilitate the emergence of a democracy - without empowering the liberated. This signified the furtherance of Taiwan's democracy and a great step forward in democratic reform. The Upper House, in theory, defies every canon of democracy , since its membership is mainly appointed and partly hereditary. This is designed to keep television news impartial, which is said to ensure a healthy democracy. It is time to let democracy back into Northern Ireland and to punish the lawbreaker not the lawmaker.
I am currently exploring these in a graduate course entitled ' From social democracy to market liberalism '. If they were to tell the truth about electoral reform, that pesky democracy malarkey would just get in their way.
This is not martial law, only another path toward democracy. Democracy through museums Why should museum professionals dictate what goes into museums and what gets displayed? This is the same coalition of the shilling that now purports to export its sordid distortion of democracy to Baghdad.
The working class was the only resolute champion of democracy and vanguard of a democratic revolution. The following draft resolutions are being circulated by the Campaign for Labor Party Democracy.
Why should not prankish history provide revolutionary bourgeois democracy with a leader from the school of orthodox, revolutionary Marxism? The Conservatives were kicked out last year in a wave of popular revulsion that has almost no equal in a modern democracy. I heard her say she was against imperialism and for social justice, but she did not say that secularism is necessary for democracy.
Second, because democracy is the surest means by which collective self-expression is made possible. The whole thing is a complete shambles and is making a sham of democracy.
Although democracy gives you the right to vote, it does not guarantee your favorite candidate will win the election. Democracy is present in schools in student-run groups like student council organizations. In the workplace, opinion boxes are a form of democracy because they allow workers to express their opinions about their jobs and work environments. The United States is not a pure democracy because the electorates actually cast the final votes in the presidential election. Democracy has no room for dictators.
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