Petrochemical instrument and method developments Nov 01 Improved infrared gas detector bring cost effective You will be poisoned long before you might blow up Oct 19 Methods and techniques to recycle plastics, industry solutions. Graphite Components for Molten Salt Reactors.
Moving towards Non-fossils - The Challenges ahead. Request information. A Long Time Ago… The history of the formation of oil is one that stretches back over hundreds of millions of years. Crude Oil Sustainability We have relied upon oil and gas to create the energy needed to power our daily lives for a substantial period of time.
New Avenues One such avenue is through the production of biodiesel. Fuel for Thought A new ASTM International standard will help in the design and monitoring of graphite components for molten salt design nuclear reactors. Fuel for Thought Petroleum is an incredibly complex material, with the average sample made up of more than 20, unique elements.
Digital Edition. Trending New acoustic imaging camera models launched for Applications of the Four-Ball Test Methods and Lubricity Challenges of Renewable Diesel Fuels. Analysis of Sulphur Compounds in Various Liquef Lubricant Properties and laboratory test techni Angolan crude production expected to continue d How does PAT fit successfully into the overall The amount of individual products produced varies from month-to-month and year-to-year as refineries adjust production to meet market demand and to maximize profitability.
Oil and petroleum products explained. What is energy? Units and calculators. Use of energy. Energy and the environment. Also in What is energy? Forms of energy Sources of energy Laws of energy. Also in Units and calculators explained Units and calculators Energy conversion calculators British thermal units Btu Degree days.
Also in U. Also in Use of energy explained Use of energy Energy use in industry Energy use for transportation Energy use in homes Energy use in commercial buildings Energy efficiency and conservation.
Also in Energy and the environment explained Energy and the environment Greenhouse gases Greenhouse gases and the climate Where greenhouse gases come from Outlook for future emissions Recycling and energy. Nonrenewable sources. Oil and petroleum products. Diesel fuel. Heating oil. Also in Oil and petroleum products explained Oil and petroleum products Refining crude oil Where our oil comes from Imports and exports Offshore oil and gas Use of oil Prices and outlook Oil and the environment.
Heating oil to warm our homes. And other petroleum products such as naphta, waxes, and lubricating oils that ultimately become a part of almost every product we produce and consume.
But where does it come from? We answer that, and 5 other things you should know about crude oil. Dead critters, plenty of pressure, a lot of heat, and hundreds of thousands of years in time. Crude oil is formed from the remains of dead organisms diatoms such as algae and zooplankton that existed millions of years ago in a marine environment.
These organisms were the dominant forms of life on earth at the time. As they lived these organisms absorbed energy from the sun and stored it as carbon molecules within their bodies. Once they died their remains sank to the bottom of the oceans or riverbeds and were buried in layers of sand, mud and rock. Over millions of years, the remains were buried deeper and deeper under more sediment and organic materials. The enormous pressure, high temperatures, and lack of oxygen transformed the organic matter into a waxy substance called kerogen.
With even more heat, pressure, and time the kerogen undergoes a process called catagenesis which transforms the kerogen into hydrocarbons. Different combinations of pressure, heat, and the original composition of organic material will determine the type of hydrocarbon formed. In this case, the hydrocarbons form crude oil. Other examples are asphalt if the temperature is lower, and natural gas if the temperature is higher.
After the oil is formed it moves through tiny pores in the surrounding rock from an area of high pressure to low pressure, this is often upwards. Some oil might make it all the way to the surface where it pools, in other cases the oil will get trapped under impermeable layers of rock or clay where it will form underground reservoirs.
Oil seemingly keeps getting deeper and deeper. In reality, the oil if anything has only ever moved upwards. It is only the drilling for the oil that keeps needing to go deeper, and further, as the higher up and easier to reach oil reservoirs are used up. The earliest year where data is available, , shows the average depth of oil wells drilled was 3, feet.
By the average rose to 6, feet. And the deepest well currently existing is a massive 40, feet deep. Not all drilling is straight down, when they say depth it means how far they had to drill, sometimes this means covering huge horizontal distances too. Geologists are the masters of locating oil. Often called oil exploration, geologists will look for an area that ticks all the boxes of finding an oil trap aka striking black gold.
Oil is often found in the vast underground reservoirs where ancient seas were once located. This can either be beneath land or out in the ocean below the seabed. During the earlier years of oil mining, the geologists would study the soil, surface rock, and other surface features to determine if oil may be lying below.
0コメント